Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Research suggests that characteristics associated with autism may be more common in individuals with Angelman syndrome compared to those with intellectual disabilities who do not have Angelman syndrome. However, having some autism characteristics does not mean a child is autistic.

Characteristics of autism include:

• Differences in social interaction skills, which can lead to differences in the way friends are formed or maintained.
• Differences in verbal and non-verbal communication, including differences with speech as well as understanding and using gestures, pointing, or showing.
• The presence of repetitive behaviours or restricted interests, which can manifest as repetitive movements, routines, or deep and focused interests.

It is important to remember that autism characteristics can sometimes resemble those observed in individuals with severe and profound levels of intellectual disability. Therefore, considering the person’s level of intellectual disability is crucial when assessing whether a diagnosis of autism is appropriate. This is especially important for young children with Angelman syndrome, as accurately assessing autism characteristics can be more challenging.

One recent study found that individuals with Angelman syndrome showed fewer differences in areas such as social smiling, facial expressions directed at others, response to their name, shared enjoyment, and unusual interests and repetitive behaviours. These skills are less dependent on developmental level compared to other diagnostic characteristics of autism.

Repetitive behaviour is less frequent and has a different profile in individuals with Angelman syndrome compared to those with autism.

Individuals with Angelman syndrome are often very sociable and have a happy and excitable personality. Dr Angelman noted in 1965 that sudden outbursts of laughter were a characteristic feature of the syndrome.